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Whereas it might be superior for individuals to have the ability to reside in house, a “weightless” surroundings poses some severe challenges. People operate greatest on Earth’s floor, the place they’re affected by a continuing gravitational power. With out it, there are well-known penalties of long-term publicity to microgravity, together with bone mass loss and muscle atrophy.
So if we need to reside in house, we’ll have to create a man-made gravity surroundings. We solely have one methodology for doing that: Construct a car that strikes with a continuing acceleration. The most typical idea is to create a spacecraft that spins. However that’s not fairly as simple because it sounds. Right here’s why.
Feeling Weight
First, let’s go over the fundamentals of gravity and what it means to really feel your weight.
Gravity is an attraction between objects which have mass. Since each your physique and the Earth have mass, there may be a gorgeous power that pulls you towards the Earth and retains you on the bottom. Regardless that this power is consistently appearing on you, you don’t really feel it, as a result of the Earth concurrently pulls on all components of your physique, making the impact undetectable.
I do know what you might be considering: “I am sitting right here on this chair, and I can completely really feel my weight.” Truly, what you feel isn’t gravity. It’s the power of the chair (and the bottom) pushing up on you. We name this upward-pushing power your “obvious weight.”
We are able to get a superb really feel for the idea of obvious weight by taking a fast journey in an elevator. The elevator begins at relaxation. However whenever you push a button, it begins shifting upwards. Meaning it should have an upward acceleration—at the very least for a really brief period of time, till the elevator will get as much as its touring velocity. Throughout this upward acceleration, you are feeling a bit heavier. Then as soon as the elevator will get close to its programmed flooring, it has to decelerate. Meaning it accelerates within the downward path. Throughout this time, you are feeling lighter.
However, after all, your precise weight by no means fluctuated. Your actual weight is a measure of how a lot power gravity exerts in your physique, and it’s the results of the interplay between your mass (m) in addition to the mass of the Earth and your distance from its middle. On Earth, gravity exerts a power of 9.8 newtons per kilogram. (Mass and weight are various things, so on a planet with completely different gravity, your weight can be completely different, regardless that your mass can be the identical.)
Using an elevator adjustments none of those elements. What it does change is your obvious weight. It is just a little unusual, however this impact is tremendous helpful for a spacecraft.
Linear Acceleration
To illustrate you might be in house the place there’s no gravity—and even in low Earth orbit, the place there may be microgravity, which is the title we give to a “weightless” surroundings. What in case your spacecraft had a large elevator that always accelerated upwards? If the acceleration of the elevator had the identical worth because the gravitational subject on the floor of the Earth, your weight would really feel precisely prefer it does now.
After all, a spaceship with an infinite elevator is impractical. It might be simpler to only make the entire car speed up. That might completely create synthetic gravity. In truth, that is the first methodology used on ships within the science fiction sequence The Expanse.
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